Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *(H)apar̄

Meaning: 1 foam, froth 2 (coarse) beeswax (residue in hive)

Bizkaian: (Araba) apar 2

Gipuzkoan: apar 1

Baztanese: apar 1

Comments: Attested only in non-aspirating dialects, so we do not know whether the Proto-Bsq word was *Hapar̄ or *apar̄. If the former, cf. PY *χɔpVr 'foam' (Kott hāpar, etc.).

Proto-Basque: *Hapo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hoof (of larger animals) 2 hoof (of smaller animals)

Bizkaian: apo 1, apatx 2

Proto-Basque: *haraic

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 oak tree 2 tree (in general)

Bizkaian: aritz, aritx, aretx 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: araitz, areitz, aritz 1

High Navarrese: aritz 1

Low Navarrese: haritz 1

Lapurdian: haritz 1

Baztanese: aritz 2

Zuberoan: háritx, háitx 1

Roncalese: aretx 1

Comments: Bsq *haraic may be related (with metathesis: *ʔăɫʔăjʒV) to PNC *ʔăjʒăɫʔV 'hardwood tree (rowan, cornel)'.

Proto-Basque: *harc, *hars-kone

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bear 2 badger

Araban: {arç} 1

Bizkaian: artz 1, azkonar 2 (Arratia, Orozko, Txorierri) azkunar 2

Gipuzkoan: artz 1, azkonar 2

High Navarrese: artz 1, (Larraun) azkonar 2, (Esteribar) azkon, azkona, aixkona 2, (Lezaka) azkanarro 2

Low Navarrese: hartz 1, (Garazi) azkoin 2, (Aldude) azkon 2

Salazarese: artz 1, azkon 2

Lapurdian: hartz 1, azkona 2, azkuin 2, azkanaro, azkenarro 2

Baztanese: azkon 2

Zuberoan: hartz 1, harzkṹ, hazkṹ 2

Roncalese: artz 1, azkoĩ 2

Comments: Michelena (1961) identifies this word with the Aquitanian name Harsus. The word for 'badger' is a compound of *har̄c + *kone (+ -ar̄ in some dialects). For the second component see *-kone.

Proto-Basque: *har̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stone

Bizkaian: arri

Gipuzkoan: arri

High Navarrese: arri

Low Navarrese: harri

Salazarese: arri

Lapurdian: harri

Baztanese: arri

Aezkoan: arri

Zuberoan: harri

Roncalese: arri

Proto-Basque: *haro

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: weather, season

Bizkaian: aro

Gipuzkoan: aro

High Navarrese: aro

Low Navarrese: haro

Lapurdian: haro

Zuberoan: háro

Roncalese: aro

Comments: Cf. ZBR haro-hún 'good weather', haro-gaitz 'bad weather'; used in names of months, e.g. LAB ost-aro 'May (leaf season)', ere-aro 'June (sowing season)', etc. Cf. PEC *h[ă]ɫʔa 'steam': the semantic chain ‘steam, breath, air ~ wind, weather’ is common.

Proto-Basque: *(H)aro

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 knot of tree 2 *stick, pole

Bizkaian: ara-ka 1

Roncalese: ara-kaldi 2

Comments: RNC arakaldi is glossed as 'tanda de palos / volée de coups de bāton', implying underlying *(H)aro 'stick, pole': for formation cf. besa-ka (BNV) 'rama(s) de un árbol' < *beśo 'arm'.

Proto-Basque: *har̄o

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 proud, haughty 2 stylish, free in one's ways 4 daring, audacious 5 jolly person

Bizkaian: arro 1

Gipuzkoan: arro 1

Low Navarrese: harro 1, 5

Salazarese: arro 1

Lapurdian: harro 1, 5

Baztanese: arro 1

Zuberoan: hárro 2, 4, 5

Roncalese: arro 1

Proto-Basque: *har̄(-tu)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 take, receive 2 comprehend, understand 3 treat (well or badly)

Bizkaian: ar-tu 1, 3

Gipuzkoan: ar-tu 1, 3

High Navarrese: ar-tu 1

Low Navarrese: har-tu 1, 2

Lapurdian: har-tu 1

Zuberoan: hár-tü 1

Roncalese: ar-tu 1, 2

Proto-Basque: *haś

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: naked, bare

Low Navarrese: has

Salazarese: as

Lapurdian: has

Zuberoan: has

Roncalese: as

Comments: An eastern word: in the west (EB) biluzi 'naked', murritz or soil for 'bare' are used. Cf. PNC *ɦǝ̄ć̣Ĕ 'hollow, empty'; and Bsq *huć and *ɦućal - the words may be partially blended.

Proto-Basque: *hasi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to grow, breed, cultivate, bring up 2 seed, semen 3 lineage, breed, race

Bizkaian: azi 1, 2, (Orozko) az 3

Gipuzkoan: azi 1, 2

High Navarrese: azi 1, 2

Low Navarrese: hazi 1, 2, (Aldude) 3

Lapurdian: hazi 1, 2

Zuberoan: hazi 1, 2, (Ligi) hatz 3

Roncalese: azi 1, 2, 3

Proto-Basque: *haśi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to begin, start

Bizkaian: asi

Gipuzkoan: asi

Low Navarrese: hasi

Salazarese: asi

Lapurdian: hasi

Zuberoan: hási

Roncalese: asi

Proto-Basque: *hauć

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ashes 2 powder 3 Ash Wednesday

Bizkaian: auts 1, 2, errauts 1

Gipuzkoan: auts1, 2 auster, austerre 1

High Navarrese: auts, auster 1, errauts 2, (Lezaka) austerri 3

Low Navarrese: hauts 1, herrauts 2

Lapurdian: hauts 1, auster 1, herrauts 2

Baztanese: errauts 2

Zuberoan: hauts, hautx 1, erháuts, erhautx 2

Roncalese: auts 1, errauts 2

Comments: The compounds *er̄-hauć and *hauś-t-er̄e contain *er̄e 'to burn'.

Proto-Basque: *haundi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big, great

Bizkaian: aundi, andi

Gipuzkoan: andi, aundi

High Navarrese: andi

Low Navarrese: handi, (Aldude) haundi

Lapurdian: handi, haundi

Zuberoan: hã́ndi

Roncalese: ándi

Proto-Basque: *hau-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: child

Gipuzkoan: aur

Low Navarrese: haur

Salazarese: aur

Lapurdian: haur

Baztanese: aur

Zuberoan: haur

Roncalese: aur

Comments: In BZK the common word for 'child' is instead sein (see *śa- / *śe- / *-śo [kin element]), or ume (for 'young animal' as well: see *hume). Bsq *hau-r̄ is parallel in form with Chechen-Ingush χowχa-r 'lamb', i.e. both have a fossilized plural *-r suffix, common in Bsq and EC languages.

Proto-Basque: *hauśi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to break, tear

Bizkaian: ausi

Gipuzkoan: ausi

High Navarrese: autsi

Low Navarrese: hautsi

Salazarese: autsi

Lapurdian: hautsi

Zuberoan: háutse, hautx

Roncalese: áutse

Comments: Most etymologists connect this word with *hauć ‘ashes, powder’ (q.v.), but this association is secondary, and the western form ausi < *hauśi is probably original.

Proto-Basque: *hauśpo

Meaning: 1 lungs 2 bellows

Bizkaian: auspo, aspo 2, (Markina, Orozko) auspo 1

Gipuzkoan: auspo, aspo 2

High Navarrese: auspo, aspo 2

Low Navarrese: hausko 2

Salazarese: ausko 2

Lapurdian: hausko 2

Baztanese: ausko 2

Zuberoan: hauspo, haspo 2

Roncalese: ausko 2

Comments: Probably contaminated with *hauć 'ashes, dust'. Cf. PNC *q_wǝlɵV(rV̄) / *χ_wǝlɵV(rV̄) 'lung'; Bur *qhurpat 'lungs' ??

Proto-Basque: *hega-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to fly 2 flying

Bizkaian: egaatu, egabanatu 1, egan 2

Gipuzkoan: egaatu 1, egan 2

High Navarrese: egaz egin 1

Low Navarrese: (h)egaldatu 1

Zuberoan: hegaltatü 1

Comments: Cf. *hegal 'wing'. Both words have probably contaminated each other.

Proto-Basque: *hegal

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 wing 2 loin, flank (of cow) 3 fin (of fish)

Bizkaian: egal 2

High Navarrese: egal 1, 3

Low Navarrese: hegal 1, 3

Salazarese: magal 1

Lapurdian: hegal 1, 3

Baztanese: egal 1

Zuberoan: hegal 1, 3

Roncalese: egal 1, magal 1

Comments: This word has other secondary meanings: 'eave (of roof)', edge (of table)', 'brim (of hat)', etc. Cf. *hega- 'to fly', which may have contaminated this word (i.e., original *e=gal, changed to *hegal). The magal forms are either blended with *maga-l 'lap, flank' (q.v.), or a prefixed formation with the fossilized prefix *ma=.

Proto-Basque: *hegi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 crest, ridge 2 small plateau overhanging a cliff 3 border, edge, corner

Bizkaian: egi 1

Gipuzkoan: egi 1

High Navarrese: egi 1

Low Navarrese: hegi 1, 2

Lapurdian: hegi 1, 2

Zuberoan: hegi 1, 3

Roncalese: egi 1

Comments: This word is thought to be the source of the common suffix -egi ~ -tegi ~ -degi ‘place, house of’, as in (c) jaur-egi ‘palace’ (‘lord’s place’), abel-tegi ‘stable’, ardan-degi ‘tavern, wine shop’, and many others.